One of the biggest challenges in waste management in India is the lack of proper segregation at the household level. Mixed waste makes it harder to recycle and increases landfill burden. Other issues include inefficient collection systems, limited recycling facilities, and poor awareness. Informal waste pickers do a major part of the work without proper safety. Urban and rural areas face different challenges, but the solution lies in adopting sustainable practices and investing in technology. Public participation is equally important for long-term results.